The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. A sample of 18 MSM from London and the East Midlands in England were interviewed regarding their perceptions of testing in the following three contexts: genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, community settings, and at home using a self-testing kit. It is vital to encourage regular HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM), a group disproportionately affected by HIV. Undiagnosed HIV and late HIV diagnosis increase the risk of poor disease prognosis in infected individuals and of onward HIV transmission. Findings underscore the urgency of promoting testing among YMSM, point to components for the recruitment and retention of young MSM of colour in testing programmes and highlight the need for a theory-based approach to intervention development. Recent testing was associated with greater numbers of HIV-prevention exposures (linear trend p = <0.001), sex with a main partner (OR=1.30), knowing a comfortable place for testing (OR=2.31) and social support (OR=1.23). Rates of ever testing increased with behavioural risk with main partners rates were lowest for men reporting high-risk with non-main partners. Ever testing was associated with older age (OR=1.28), being employed (OR=1.34), exposure to more types of HIV preventions (linear trend p=0.02), sex with a main partner (OR=1.92), sex with a non-main partner (OR=1.36), UAI with a non-main partner (OR=0.53), UAI in the last three months (OR=1.32), knowing a comfortable place for testing (OR=5.44) and social support (OR=1.47). Of these, 77% were men of colour, 30% reported recent unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), 22% had never tested for HIV and 71% had not tested recently. This study assessed HIV testing among 2,621 urban young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Our findings support the need for a wide range of recruitment strategies in attracting MSM at high risk for HIV into clinical studies. HIV incidence did not significantly differ by recruitment strategy. Men reporting unprotected sex were more likely to be recruited through clinic referrals. Men reporting 10 or more sexual partners were more likely to be recruited through advertising and street outreach. Younger men and men of color were more likely to be recruited through club and bar outreach, friend referral, and street outreach. The EXPLORE Study used a wide variety of recruitment strategies no one strategy accounted for more than 20% of enrolled men.
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